European Fiscal Monitor: Employment of People with Disabilities
European Commission fiscal sustainability analysis projecting long-run pension and welfare savings from closing the disability employment gap by 10 percentage points.
The Fiscal Case for Disability Employment in the EU
An analysis of fiscal returns from raising employment rates among people with disabilities across EU member states, showing net positive budget impacts within five years.
Quinto Observatorio de la Dependencia — FEDEA
Fiscal and structural analysis of Spain's dependency care system (700,000 workers, 3.2% of Spanish employment); tracks cost trajectories and the economic case for investing in formal care infrastructure as macroeconomic stabiliser. (Jiménez-Martín et al., FEDEA 2024)
Social Protection Expenditure on Disability: Trends and Reform Options
Eurostat data synthesis on disability benefit spending across EU states, with analysis of how active labour market policies shift expenditure from passive to active support.
Tax Revenue Gains from Closing the Disability Employment Gap
Eurofound modelling of income tax and social contribution revenues that would accrue if disabled workers reached parity employment rates with non-disabled peers across the EU-27.
Disability and the Public Purse: Costs and Benefits of Inclusion Policies
ILO research quantifying how inclusive employment policies reduce social transfer expenditure and increase tax receipts, with country-level breakdowns.
The Effects of Employers' Disability and Unemployment Insurance Costs on Benefit Inflows
Exploiting a Finnish reform extending employer cost-sharing for disability and unemployment benefits, the paper finds higher employer liability substantially reduces benefit inflows — causal evidence that experience-rating shapes hiring of at-risk workers. (VATT WP 152, Kyyrä & Tuomala)
The Economic Status of People with Disabilities Since the Great Recession
Using CPS data, this FRBSF/IZA paper shows sustained economic expansion substantially boosts labour market engagement for people with disabilities and reduces DI applications — tight labour markets are a powerful inclusion lever.
Designing Disability Insurance Reforms: The IZA Working Paper
Freely accessible IZA working paper version of the Econometrica piece. Derives welfare-optimal DI reform conditions — including the full appendix — applicable to European social insurance systems.
The Health and Earnings of Rejected Disability Insurance Applicants
Bound's foundational AER paper shows fewer than 50% of rejected male DI applicants work, and their earnings are below 50% of median — establishing the methodological benchmark for all subsequent DI labour supply research.